二氨基甲苯

① 化学品基本信息

化学品名称

二氨基甲苯

英文名称

Diaminotoluene

CAS号

25376-45-8

法规目录列入情况命中 2 项

危险货物品名表TRI

② 标签要素

危险性类别

危害水生环境-急性危害,类别1,危害水生环境-长期危害,类别1

GHS警示词

警告

GHS分类来源

自分类

象形图

GHS09

危险性说明

H410:对水生生物毒性极大并具有长期持续影响

③ 理化特性

外观与性状

无色晶状固体。

PH

约9（20°C，100 g/L）

熔点（℃）

98.9

沸点/沸程（℃）

292.2（101.3kPa）

相对密度（水=1）

1.045（100℃）

相对蒸气密度（空气=1）

无资料

饱和蒸气压（kPa）

0.133（106.5°C）；1.33（151.7°C）

燃烧热（kJ/mol）

无资料

临界温度（℃）

无资料

临界压力（MPa）

无资料

辛醇/水分配系数（LogKow）

0.074（(25 °C）

闪点（℃）

148.9

自燃温度（℃）

505（99.99kPa～101.99kPa）

爆炸下限（%）

无资料

爆炸上限（%）

无资料

分解温度（℃）

无资料

黏度（mPa.s）

无资料

溶解性

微溶于水。

密度

1260（20°C）

④ 危害信息

活性反应

一般作业时，无需要特别关注的危险反应。

禁配物

无资料。

环境危害

对水生生物毒性极大并具有长期持续影响。

⑤ 应急处置措施

急救措施

A) Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.A) MANAGEMENT OF MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY 1) Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Mild to moderate allergic reactions may be treated with antihistamines with or without inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonists, corticosteroids or epinephrine. Consider bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm. Consider aggressive fluid hydration and urine output monitoring for rhabdomyolysis. Manage mild hypotension with IV fluids. B) MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE TOXICITY 1) Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Treat severe hypotension with IV 0.9% NaCl at 10 to 20 mL/kg. Add dopamine or norepinephrine if unresponsive to fluids. Treatment of severe anaphylaxis includes oxygen supplementation, aggressive airway management, epinephrine, ECG monitoring, and IV fluids. Treat seizures with IV benzodiazepines; barbiturates or propofol may be needed if seizures persist or recur. Methylprednisolone decreased mortality over hydrocortisone in a non-blinded, non-randomized, prospective study of severely intoxicated patients with PPD. C) DECONTAMINATION 1) PREHOSPITAL: ORAL EXPOSURE: Do not induce emesis. Prehospital gastrointestinal decontamination is generally not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression or persistent seizures and subsequent aspiration. INHALATIONAL EXPOSURE: Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm. DERMAL EXPOSURE: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area extremely thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists after washing. EYE EXPOSURE: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, an ophthalmologic examination should be performed. 2) HOSPITAL: ORAL EXPOSURE: Consider administration of activated charcoal after a potentially toxic ingestion, if the overdose is recent, the patient is not vomiting, and is able to maintain airway. Gastric lavage may be considered in large overdoses that present early to medical attention in conjunction with use of activated charcoal. INHALATIONAL EXPOSURE: Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm. DERMAL EXPOSURE: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area extremely thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists after washing. EYE EXPOSURE: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, an ophthalmologic examination should be performed. D) AIRWAY MANAGEMENT 1) Death is most often due to acute respiratory distress. Endotracheal intubation may be exceedingly difficult because of upper airway edema; emergent tracheostomy or cricothyrotomy may be required. E) ANTIDOTE 1) None. F) HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION 1) MILD/MODERATE: Antihistamines with or without inhaled beta agonists, corticosteroids or epinephrine. SEVERE: Administer oxygen, aggressive airway management, antihistamines, epinephrine, corticosteroids, ECG monitoring, and IV fluids. G) RHABDOMYOLYSIS 1) Administer sufficient 0.9% saline to maintain urine output of 2 to 3 mL/kg/hr. Monitor input and output, serum electrolytes, CK, and renal function. Diuretics may be necessary to maintain urine output. Urinary alkalinization is NOT routinely recommended. H) METHEMOGLOBINEMIA 1) Cyanosis following ingestion of PPD may be due to respiratory insufficiency and/or methemoglobinemia. Initiate oxygen therapy. Treat with methylene blue if patient is symptomatic (usually at methemoglobin concentrations greater than 20% to 30% or at lower concentrations in patients with anemia, underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disease). METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg. I) ENHANCED ELIMINATION 1) Hemodialysis may be required if oliguric or anuric renal failure develop. Several large retrospective studies have reported the effective use of hemodialysis following PPD toxicity. In most patients, renal function recovers and long-term hemodialysis is not required. J) PATIENT DISPOSITION 1) HOME CRITERIA: A patient with an inadvertent exposure, that remains asymptomatic can be managed at home. Mild allergic contact dermatitis may be managed as an outpatient. 2) OBSERVATION CRITERIA: All patients with deliberate ingestions, patients with respiratory distress, or any oral ingestion that is more than a sip, lick, or taste should be referred to healthcare facility for further management. Significant clinical manifestations typically present within the first 6 hours; however, rhabdomyolysis and renal failure may develop over days to weeks. 3) ADMISSION CRITERIA: Any patient with moderate to severe toxicity should be admitted to the hospital for further monitoring and supportive care. 4) CONSULT CRITERIA: Consult a nephrologist for dialysis in patients with evidence of oliguric or anuric renal failure. Patients with myocarditis should be evaluated by a cardiologist. Consult a regional Poison Center or medical toxicologist for assistance in managing patients with severe toxicity or for whom the diagnosis is unclear. 5) TRANSFER CRITERIA: Patients requiring critical care management or hemodialysis should be transferred to facilities capable of higher levels of care. K) PITFALLS 1) Oral ingestion can result in significant toxicity with doses as little as 3 g. Black powder form or a rock of PPD can be mistaken for other substances and lead to significant toxicity. L) PHARMACOKINETICS 1) Absorption: Following application of 20 mg/kg to the scalp, 0.14% was absorbed. Metabolism: PPD undergoes acetylation by N-acetyltransferase 1 in keratinocytes to monoacetyl-PPD and diacetyl-PPD. M) PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS 1) Patients with preexisting asthma, atopy, cardiac, or renal conditions may be at greater risk for severe toxicity. The slow-acetylation variant of N-acetyltransferase 1 may predispose an individual to sensitivity to PPD. N) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1) Allergic contact dermatitis crossreactivity was observed between PPD and other para-amino compounds, such as textile dyes (eg, Disperse Blue 106 or 124, orange #3), benzocaine, isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine, sulfa drugs, diaminotoluene, 2-nitro-4-phenylenediamine, aminophenol, and para-aminobenzoic acid, and aminoazobenzene.A) OVERVIEW 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).A) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

泄漏应急处理

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.

灭火方法

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. /2,4-Toluenediamine; 2,4-Toluylenediamine; 2,4-Toluylenediamine, soliIf material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /2,4-Toluenediamine/[Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987., p. 686] **PEER REVIEWED**

⑥ 安全技术说明书

该物质在登记平台未登记 SDS 文件。

平台未登记 SDS