甲基二硝基苯；二硝基甲苯(混合异构体)；二硝基甲苯；DNT(混合异构体)；甲基二硝基苯(混合异构体)
CAS 25321-14-6
DINITROTOLUENE
① 化学品基本信息
化学品名称
甲基二硝基苯；二硝基甲苯(混合异构体)；二硝基甲苯；DNT(混合异构体)；甲基二硝基苯(混合异构体)
英文名称
DINITROTOLUENE
CAS号
25321-14-6
法规目录列入情况 命中 3 项
高毒物品目录（2003年版）危险货物品名表TRI
② 标签要素
危险性类别
急性毒性-经口,类别3*,急性毒性-经皮,类别3*,急性毒性-吸入,类别3*,生殖细胞致突变性,类别2,生殖毒性,类别2,特异性靶器官毒性-反复接触,类别2*,危害水生环境-急性危害,类别1,危害水生环境-长期危害,类别1
GHS警示词
危险
GHS分类来源
自分类
象形图
GHS06
GHS08
GHS09
危险性说明
H301:吞咽会中毒H311:皮肤接触会中毒H331:吸入会中毒H341:怀疑可造成遗传性缺陷（如果最终证明没有其他接触途径会产生这一危害时，应说明其接触途径）H361:怀疑对生育能力或胎儿造成伤害（如果已知，说明特异性效应；如果确证无其他接触途径引起危害，说明接触途径）H373:长时间或反复接触（如果可确证无其他接触途径引起该危害，说明接触途径）可能对器官造成伤害（如果已经知道，说明所受损害的器官）H410:对水生生物毒性极大并具有长期持续影响
③ 理化特性
外观与性状
黄色晶体粉末，有特殊气味。
熔点（℃）
54～71
沸点/沸程（℃）
低于沸点在250～300
相对密度（水=1）
1.3（液体）
相对蒸气密度（空气=1）
6.28
饱和蒸气压（kPa）
20℃时2.4Pa
辛醇/水分配系数（LogKow）
2
闪点（℃）
207（闭杯）
自燃温度（℃）
400
爆炸下限（%）
无资料
爆炸上限（%）
无资料
黏度（mPa.s）
20°C：0.654；50.0°C：0.519；100.0°C：0.384；25.0°C：0.006；100.0°C：0.007；200.0°C：0.009
溶解性
难溶
密度
1.32，71℃ (液体)；1.52 (固体)
④ 危害信息
燃烧与爆炸危险性
火灾：可燃的。在火焰中释放出刺激性或有毒烟雾（或气体）。 爆炸：微细分散的颗粒物在空气中形成爆炸性混合物。与许多物质接触时有爆炸危险。 化学危险性：加热可能引起激烈燃烧或爆炸。加热时，该物质分解生成含有氮氧化物有毒和腐蚀性烟雾，甚至在缺少空气时。与还原剂、强碱和氧化剂反应，有着火和爆炸的危险。
活性反应
火灾：可燃的。在火焰中释放出刺激性或有毒烟雾（或气体）。 爆炸：微细分散的颗粒物在空气中形成爆炸性混合物。与许多物质接触时有爆炸危险。
禁配物
Dust forms explosive mixture with air. Heat forms corrosive nitrogen oxide fumes and may cause explosion. ... Contact with nitric acid forms an explosive material. Contact with sodium oxide cause ignition.[Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Carcinogens 5th Edition Volume 1: A-H,Volume 2: I-Z. William Andrew, Norwich, NY 2008, p. 1032] **PEER REVIEWED** Strong oxidizers, caustics, metals, such as tin and zinc [Note: Commercial grades will decompose at 482 deg F with self sustaining decomp at 536 deg F].[NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-168 (2010). Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg] **PEER REVIEWED** Liquid dinitrotoluene will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.[Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981., p. 2] **PEER REVIEWED**
中毒表现
吸入后会：嘴唇发青或指甲发青。皮肤发青。头痛。头晕。恶心。意识模糊。惊厥。神志不清。 皮肤接触后会：可能被吸收！（见吸入）。 食入会：（另见吸入）。 短期接触的影响：该物质可能对血液有影响，导致形成正铁血红蛋白。影响可能推迟显现。需进行医学观察。 长期或反复接触的影响：该物质可能对血液有影响，导致形成正铁血红蛋白。该物质可能是人类致癌物。动物实验表明，该物质可能造成人类生殖或发育毒性。
职业接触限值
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.2 mg/cu m, skin.[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; 2011 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices . Cincinnati, OH 2011, p. 27] **PEER REVIEW 美国(IDLH):50 mg/m3 ；2019工作场所有害因素职业接触限值: PC-TWA：0.2mg/m3；(G2B（2,4-；2,6-），皮)；高铁血红蛋白血症，生殖毒性
环境危害
该物质对水生生物是有害的。
⑤ 应急处置措施
急救措施
A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm. B) OXYGEN - Administer oxygen to all cyanotic patients. C) METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Determine the methemoglobin concentration and evaluate the patient for clinical effects of methemoglobinemia (ie, dyspnea, headache, fatigue, CNS depression, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis). Treat patients with symptomatic methemoglobinemia with methylene blue (this usually occurs at methemoglobin concentrations above 20% to 30%, but may occur at lower methemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia, or underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders). Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy. D) METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg. E) Concomitant use of methylene blue with serotonergic drugs, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), triptans, and ergot alkaloids may increase the risk of potentially fatal serotonin syndrome. F) SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue). 1) Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years). 2) Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia. G) ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed. H) SHOCK AND CARDIAC ARREST - Treat with standard therapy. I) ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY - Exchange transfusions and hyperbaric oxygen may be useful in cases of severe methemoglobinemia.A) DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting. B) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old. C) GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. 1) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion. D) OXYGEN - Administer oxygen to all cyanotic patients. E) METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Determine the methemoglobin concentration and evaluate the patient for clinical effects of methemoglobinemia (ie, dyspnea, headache, fatigue, CNS depression, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis). Treat patients with symptomatic methemoglobinemia with methylene blue (this usually occurs at methemoglobin concentrations above 20% to 30%, but may occur at lower methemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia, or underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders). Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy. F) METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg. G) Concomitant use of methylene blue with serotonergic drugs, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), triptans, and ergot alkaloids may increase the risk of potentially fatal serotonin syndrome. H) SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue). 1) Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years). 2) Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia. I) SHOCK AND CARDIAC ARREST - Treat with standard therapy. J) ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY - Exchange transfusions and hyperbaric oxygen may be useful cases of in severe methemoglobinemia.A) OVERVIEW 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999). 2) OXYGEN - Administer oxygen to all cyanotic patients. 3) METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Determine the methemoglobin concentration and evaluate the patient for clinical effects of methemoglobinemia (ie, dyspnea, headache, fatigue, CNS depression, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis). Treat patients with symptomatic methemoglobinemia with methylene blue (this usually occurs at methemoglobin concentrations above 20% to 30%, but may occur at lower methemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia, or underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders). Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy. 4) METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg. 5) Concomitant use of methylene blue with serotonergic drugs, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), triptans, and ergot alkaloids may increase the risk of potentially fatal serotonin syndrome. 6) SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue). a) Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years). b) Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia. 7) SHOCK AND CARDIAC ARREST - Treat with standard therapy. 8) ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY - Exchange transfusions and hyperbaric oxygen may be useful in cases of severe methemoglobinemia.A) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
泄漏应急处理
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterw
灭火方法
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; DinitrotolueneWATER, DRY CHEMICAL, OR CARBON DIOXIDE FROM PROTECTED LOCATION.[U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.] **PEER REVIEWED** If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Dinitrotoluenes, molten/[Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 356] **PEER REVIEWED** If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Dinitrotoluene, liquid; dinitrotoluene, solid/[Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 356-7] **PEER REVIEWED**
⑥ 安全技术说明书
该物质在登记平台未登记 SDS 文件。
平台未登记 SDS
数据来源：应急管理部化学品登记中心 · 国家危险化学品安全公共服务互联网平台（whpdj.mem.gov.cn）