2,4-二氨基苯甲醚硫酸盐；4-甲氧基-1,3-苯二胺硫酸盐；2,4-二氨基硫酸苯甲醚
CAS 39156-41-7
2,4-DIAMINOANISOLE SULFATE
① 化学品基本信息
化学品名称
2,4-二氨基苯甲醚硫酸盐；4-甲氧基-1,3-苯二胺硫酸盐；2,4-二氨基硫酸苯甲醚
英文名称
2,4-DIAMINOANISOLE SULFATE
CAS号
39156-41-7
法规目录列入情况 命中 1 项
TRI
② 标签要素
危险性类别
生殖细胞致突变性,类别2,危害水生环境-急性危害,类别2,危害水生环境-长期危害,类别2
GHS警示词
警告
GHS分类来源
自分类
象形图
GHS08
GHS09
危险性说明
H341:怀疑可造成遗传性缺陷（如果最终证明没有其他接触途径会产生这一危害时，应说明其接触途径）H411:对水生生物有毒并具有长期持续影响
③ 理化特性
外观与性状
灰白色至紫色粉末。
熔点（℃）
188.8 ～ 192.22 (分解)(NTP, 1992)
沸点/沸程（℃）
无资料
相对密度（水=1）
无资料
相对蒸气密度（空气=1）
无资料
饱和蒸气压（kPa）
无资料
闪点（℃）
无资料
自燃温度（℃）
无资料
爆炸下限（%）
无资料
爆炸上限（%）
无资料
溶解性
可溶于水、乙醇，不溶于氢氧化钠。
④ 危害信息
活性反应
一般作业时，无需要特别关注的危险反应。
禁配物
无资料。
中毒表现
怀疑可造成遗传性缺陷（如果最终证明没有其他接触途径会产生这一危害时，应说明其接触途径）。
环境危害
对水生生物有毒并具有长期持续影响。
⑤ 应急处置措施
急救措施
A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.A) MANAGEMENT OF MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY 1) Patients with mild to moderate toxicity can be treated with supportive care. The offending agent should be withdrawn. Intravenous fluids should be given to maintain urine output and supplemental oxygen applied. B) MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE TOXICITY 1) Patients with evidence of end-organ ischemia should be treated with methylene blue regardless of the methemoglobin concentration. However, patients are unlikely to have end-organ ischemia with concentrations less than 20%. Treatment with methylene blue should result in resolution of all symptoms attributable to methemoglobinemia within 2 hours. The administration of cimetidine may also shorten the course of dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia. Patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency or children younger than 3 months may require exchange transfusion or treatment with hyperbaric oxygen as they may not respond to methylene blue. Treat seizures with IV benzodiazepines or barbiturates. C) DECONTAMINATION 1) PREHOSPITAL: Patients should be placed on oxygen. Following dermal exposure, skin should be thoroughly washed with soap and water. Contaminated clothing and shoes should be discarded. Otherwise, no field decontamination is required. 2) HOSPITAL: Overdose of drug tablets implicated in causing methemoglobinemia can be treated with 50 grams of activated charcoal, if the patient presents early and the patient's mental status is amenable to taking the charcoal. However, this is rarely necessary as patients generally do not develop methemoglobinemia until hours after an acute ingestion. Following dermal exposure, skin should be thoroughly washed with soap and water. Contaminated clothing and shoes should be discarded. D) AIRWAY MANAGEMENT 1) Patients with severe dyspnea, tachypnea, seizure, or evidence of end-organ ischemia may require intubation for airway protection or to minimize excessive work of breathing. E) ANTIDOTE 1) Initiate oxygen therapy. Treat with methylene blue if patient is symptomatic (usually at methemoglobin concentrations greater than 20% to 30% or at lower concentrations in patients with anemia, underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disease). METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg. DAPSONE: See dapsone management for treatment of patients with significant methemoglobinemia following dapsone overdose. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Known hypersensitivity to methylene blue and methemoglobin reductase deficiency. Patients with G-6-PD deficiency may develop hemolysis, however, enzyme deficiency is usually not complete and most toxicologists would still recommend methylene blue for severely symptomatic patients. F) PATIENT DISPOSITION 1) HOME CRITERIA: Patients with any degree of cyanosis should be referred to a health care facility. Patients with mild headache or nausea may be managed at home. 2) OBSERVATION CRITERIA: Patients should be observed for 8 hours after methylene blue administration to rule out recurrence of methemoglobinemia or adverse reaction to the antidote. Some chemicals (eg, aniline, nitrobenzene) may require biochemical transformation before causing methemoglobinemia. Observation of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic individuals following exposure to these chemicals may be advisable. Slow absorption of some chemicals may also contribute to delayed methemoglobinemia. When doubt exists, it is probably best to admit the patient for continued observation. 3) ADMISSION CRITERIA: Patients with recurrent methemoglobinemia should be admitted. Patients exposed to etiologic agents with a slow clearance, such as dapsone, should be admitted. 4) CONSULT CRITERIA: A medical toxicologist or poison control center should be consulted for patients with methemoglobin concentrations above 30% or for symptomatic patients with lower concentrations. Consultation is recommended for patients with familial methemoglobinemia or G-6-PD deficiency. G) PITFALLS 1) Failure of the patient to improve following two doses of methylene blue suggests: inadequate decontamination, NADPH dependent methemoglobin reductase deficiency, hemoglobin M, sulfhemoglobinemia, or G-6-PD deficiency. Failure to stabilize and treat the sequelae of end-organ ischemia can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with methemoglobinemia from agents such as dapsone may require repeated doses or continuous infusion of methylene blue. H) TOXICOKINETICS 1) Dependent on the etiologic agent. The elimination half-life of methemoglobin averages 15 to 20 hours. Following treatment with methylene blue, the half-life decreases to 40 to 90 minutes. Methemoglobinemia due to dermal exposure to local anesthetics generally resolves within several hours depending upon the clearance of the parent compound. Dapsone may cause symptoms for more than 24 hours due to the formation of an active metabolite. I) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1) Sulfhemoglobinemia is clinically indistinguishable from methemoglobinemia. This diagnosis should be considered if a patient is unresponsive to 2 doses of methylene blue. Sulfhemoglobin is a very stable entity and may require exchange transfusion, although patients usually have minimal symptoms and often require no treatment. Other medical conditions that lead to cyanosis, such as emphysema, congestive heart failure, pulmonary shunts, as well as, other primary lung pathologies, must be considered. 2) The following list also includes the differential diagnosis of low oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry: Hypoxia, IV dyes (methylene blue/indocyanine green), hemoglobinopathies, methemoglobin (acquired/congenital), carboxyhemoglobin, abnormal hemoglobin variants (Hemoglobin M), ambient light contamination, dark nail polish, low perfusion/poor signal/venous pulsations, or motion artifact.A) OVERVIEW 1) Some methemoglobinemia-producing chemicals are readily absorbed through the skin to produce adverse systemic effects. Aniline and related compounds may be rapidly absorbed by all routes. Skin contact with contaminated clothing or shoes may result in adverse systemic effects. a) Skin should be thoroughly washed with soap and water. Contaminated clothing and shoes should be discarded. Seek medical attention. Administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Treat for methemoglobinemia and sequelae. Signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia may be delayed.A) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
泄漏应急处理
用洁净的铲子收集泄漏物,置于干净、干燥、盖子较松的容器中,将容器移离泄漏区。
灭火方法
消防人员须佩戴防毒面具，穿消防员灭火防护服，在上风向灭火。喷水冷却邻近容器，可能的话将容器从火场移至空旷处。处在火场中的容器若已变色或从安全泄压装置中产生异常声音，必须马上撤离。尽量使用低压灭火剂流或雾状水。
⑥ 安全技术说明书
该物质在登记平台未登记 SDS 文件。
平台未登记 SDS
数据来源：应急管理部化学品登记中心 · 国家危险化学品安全公共服务互联网平台（whpdj.mem.gov.cn）